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KMID : 1142420230210010063
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PNF and Movement
2023 Volume.21 No. 1 p.63 ~ p.74
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Effects of PNF Contract-Relax Technique, Myofascial Release, and Massage Guns on Hamstring Flexibility and Pressure Pain Threshold in Subjects with Hamstring Shortening
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Jeong So-Young
Hwang Ho-Seong
Lee Da-Eun
Park Du-Jin
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Abstract
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Purpose: This study aims to compare hamstring flexibility and pressure pain threshold (PPT) after an intervention with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation contract?relax (PNF CR) technique, myofascial release (MFR), and a massage gun (MG), as well as to verify the effectiveness of the MG.
Methods: This study recruited 36 participants (22 males and 14 females) with shortening of less than 70 degrees upon a straight leg raise (SLR) test, and they were randomly assigned to one of the PNF, MG, and MFR groups, each of which underwent its own protocol for 30 minutes. Flexibility of the hamstring was measured after the intervention using the active and passive knee extension (AKE and PKE) test, the sit and reach test, and PPT.
Results: The AKE and PKE angles significantly decreased, as well as significantly increased in flexibility when each of the PNF, MFR, and MG interventions was performed (p<0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference among groups. However, according to the Cohen’s D effect size, the MG demonstrated the largest effect size in AKE (d = 1.41) and PNF demonstrated the largest effect size in PKE (d = 1.66) and flexibility (d = 0.63).
Conclusion: All interventions used in our study are effective in increasing hamstring flexibility. Based on the Cohen’s D effect size, an MG is beneficial to increase the AKE, whereas PNF CR technique is recommended for increasing PKE and flexibility.
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KEYWORD
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Flexibility, Hamstring, Massage gun, Myofascial release, Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
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